ATP synthase is an enzymatic protein complex found in the mitochondrial ridges, the thylakoid membrane, and the plasma membrane of bacteria and archaea. The role of this membrane protein is to synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from the proton electrochemical gradient of protons maintained by the respiratory chain and adenosine diphosphate (ADP), as well as inorganic phosphate, according to the following reaction:ADP + Pi → ATP. The synthesis of ATP is based on energy conversion, via conformational changes of the subunits.<span>A proton gradient on either side of the membrane into which the ATP synthases are inserted is necessary for their operation, which implies that the synthesis of ATP can not be done independently of a membrane. Within the mitochondrial inner membrane, it is the respiratory chain that provides the pH gradient by injecting protons into the intermembrane space during the transfer of electrons from one complex to another.</span></span>
These elements are among the most important elements in life. Most of these elements are also non-metals. Elements life sulfur and nitrogen combine with carbohydrates to form among acids rings like cysteine. Carbohydrates combine with phosphorus to form molecules such as the DNA backbone chain.
