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3 years ago

Describe two methods that scientists can use to determine whether two species (modern or extinct) are closely related.

1 answer:

4 0

According to a source, the most probable answer to this query is by DNA tracing and fossil investigation. These two out of the many methods can be used to examine the genetic structure of the organisms leading to ancestral lineage. Thank you for your question. Please don't hesitate to ask in Brainly your queries.

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Which of the following are part of the chemiosmotic coupling model? Protons are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix into the

Lina20 [59]

The correct answer is: Protons are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space

Chemiosmosis can be described as movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient. It occurs during the cellular respiration within mitochondria and it is involved in ATP synthesis (oxidative phosphorylation via ATP synthase).

Electrons from electron carriers (NADH and FADH) donate electrons to the electron transport chain and that causes changes in protein complexes of electron transport chain. As a consequence, protein complexes pump H+ across a selectively permeable cell membrane from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space of mitochondria.

H+ can only get back and pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane with the help of ATP synthase (down their electrochemical gradient). ATP synthase turned by the force of the H+ diffusing through it forms ATP by adding a phosphate to ADP.

4 0

3 years ago

Cuales son los nucleotidos que forman parte del adn

Mnenie [13.5K]

Answer:

Un nucleótido esta formado por una molécula de azúcar (ribosa en el ARN o desoxirribosa en el ADN) unido a un grupo de fosfato y a una base nitrogenada.

Explanation:

ADN, ARN son polímeros formados por largas cadenas de nucleótidos.

Las bases utilizadas en el ADN son: adenina, citosina, guanina y timina

En ARN, la base uracilo y ocupa el lugar de la timina.

3 0

2 years ago

"In proteins, structural segments called ____ provide flexibility that allow parts of the protein to bend, fold, or move."

Rainbow [258]

Answer:

The correct answer is "random coils".

Explanation:

Random coil is a type of polypeptide secondary structure comprised of conformation that do not follow an established conformation but rather are oriented randomly. These random coils conformations provides flexibility to proteins, since the lack of a particular structure (such as alpha helices or beta sheets), allows the protein to bend, fold or move.

4 0

3 years ago

PLEASE HELP Scientists in a lab were running tests on a new enzyme found inside of squid ink. While experimenting how the enzyme

lord [1]

What grade are you in ?

8 0

3 years ago

If A/A ⋅ B/B is crossed with a/a ⋅ b/b and the F1 is testcrossed, what percentage of the testcross progeny will be a/a ⋅ b/b if

Alex787 [66]

Answer:

a) 25%; b) 50%; c) 45%; d) 38%

Explanation:

<h3 /><h3>a) Unlinked genes</h3>

A/A B/B X a/a b/b

F1: A/a B/b

Testcross A/a B/b X a/a b/b

The homozygous recessive individual only produces <em>ab</em><em> </em>gametes.

The F1 produces four types of gametes (each of them with a frequency of 1/4): <em>AB</em>, <em>Ab</em>, <em>aB </em>and <em>ab</em>.

25% of the progeny will be a/a b/b.

<h3>b) Completely linked genes</h3>

AB/AB X ab/ab

F1: AB/ab

Testcross AB/ab X ab/ab

The F1 produces only two types of gametes, the parentals (each of them with a frequency of 1/2): <em>AB</em> and <em>ab</em>.

50% of the progeny will be ab/ab.

<h3>c) 10 m.u. apart</h3>

AB/AB X ab/ab

F1: AB/ab

Testcross AB/ab X ab/ab

The F1 produces four types of gametes, the parentals <em>AB</em> and <em>ab </em>and the recombinants <em>Ab</em> and <em>aB</em>.

Since the genes are 10mu apart, 10% of the produced gametes will be recombinant and 90% will be parentals. Since there are two types of parental gametes, each of them has a frequency of 45%.

45% of the progeny will be ab/ab.

<h3>d) 24 m.u. apart</h3>

This is very similar to c).

Since the genes are 24mu apart, 24% of the produced gametes will be recombinant and 76% will be parentals. Since there are two types of parental gametes, each of them has a frequency of 38%.

38% of the progeny will be ab/ab.

5 0

3 years ago