When it triggers an abnormal or vigorous immune responce, treating the antigen that would normally cause no threat as something harmful.
All carbohydrates, including sugar, therefore contain the same three elements: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Different arrangements of these elements form single units to make different types of carbohydrates. Glucose, for instance, is a single-unit carb with six carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms and six oxygen atoms
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They have hooks so that the seeds can spread around, get carried away and land in a place be planted and grow.
Answer:
A Ligase
B False
C To separate the double‑stranded DNA
Explanation:
The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a technique widely used in molecular biology laboratories in order to make millions of copies of a specific sequence of DNA. PCR requires deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) to synthesize new copies of the target DNA fragment, a thermostable DNA polymerase that adds nucleotides to new DNA strands, and primers that attach to complementary ends at each DNA strand. PCR has three phases: 1-Denaturation, where the double-stranded DNA molecule is heated to separate it into two single (separated) strands; 2-annealing, where the temperature is lowered in order to allow the primers to attach each DNA strand, and 3- extension, where the temperature is increased (again), and the thermostable DNA polymerase adds the appropriate dNTPs to new DNA strands. In consequence, annealing occurs at the lowest temperature. Moreover, during the denaturation stage, the temperature is increased at 90–95°C in order to denature the DNA strands into single strands.
