The excretory system allows animals to remove metabolic waste their bodies. Many of these substances are potentially toxic. in Mammals nitrogenous toxins like urea are expelled through liquid urine while in reptiles and birds the nitrogenous compounds are expelled as a solid. This allows birds and reptiles to use less water in the processes of metabolism.
In the Hardy-Weinberg formula, 2pq represents the frequency of the Aa genotype (heterozygous).
Answer:
a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants it consists mainly of cellulose.
Explanation:
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