Question

Which role did Mazzini play in Italian unification?

Answer 1

Correct answer:  B. He dreamed of a united Italy and took the first steps to achieving it.

Details:

Giuseppe Mazzini (1805-1872) was a powerful promoter of Italian nationalism during the 19th century, at a time when the Italian peninsula was divided into many smaller entities.  He founded the group known as Young Italy and was a major figure in the Italian unification movement known as "Risorgimento" ("rising again").  He was a strong voice calling for all Italians to unite together in a republic.  Let me quote you a bit from Mazzini, an example of his persuasive style:

• "I, believing in the mission entrusted by God to Italy, and the duty of every Italian to strive to attempt its fulfillment; convinced that where God has ordained that a nation shall be, he has given the requisite power to create it; that the people are the depositaries of that power, and that in its right direction for the people, and by the people, lies the secret of victory; convinced that virtue consists in action and sacrifice, and strength in union and constancy of purpose:  I give my name to Young Italy, an association of men holding the same faith."

Italy did not finish its nationalist program of unification as soon as Mazzini would have wanted.  A united Italy finally came together in 1871, not long before Mazzini's death.  But he had been a pioneer of the movement that brought Italians together during his lifetime.