Correct answer: B. He dreamed of a united Italy and took the first steps to achieving it.
Details:
Giuseppe Mazzini (1805-1872) was a powerful promoter of Italian nationalism during the 19th century, at a time when the Italian peninsula was divided into many smaller entities. He founded the group known as Young Italy and was a major figure in the Italian unification movement known as "Risorgimento" ("rising again"). He was a strong voice calling for all Italians to unite together in a republic. Let me quote you a bit from Mazzini, an example of his persuasive style:
<em>"I, believing in the mission entrusted by God to Italy, and the duty of every Italian to strive to attempt its fulfillment; convinced that where God has ordained that a nation shall be, he has given the requisite power to create it; that the people are the depositaries of that power, and that in its right direction for the people, and by the people, lies the secret of victory; convinced that virtue consists in action and sacrifice, and strength in union and constancy of purpose: I give my name to Young Italy, an association of men holding the same faith."</em>
Italy did not finish its nationalist program of unification as soon as Mazzini would have wanted. A united Italy finally came together in 1871, not long before Mazzini's death. But he had been a pioneer of the movement that brought Italians together during his lifetime.
"A. Poverty was eliminated" was not a result of the American Civil Rights Movement, since many African Americans remain in poverty to this day at disproportional levels from white people and other races in the US.
When the Gold Rush ended, Chinese Americans were considered cheap labor. They easily found employment as farmhands, gardeners, domestics, laundry workers, and most famously, railroad workers.
