The most powerful was economic prosperity of European countries. They could exploit the land and the people of Africa and take their raw resources such as diamonds for example and take them to Europe. There they would be able to make goods with them and sell them to people for a lot of money and this meant that they would grow vastly richer than they were before.
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Unequal treaty, in Chinese history, any of a series of treaties and agreements in which China was forced to concede many of its territorial and sovereignty rights. They were negotiated during the 19th and early 20th centuries between China and foreign imperialist powers, especially Great Britain, France, Germany, the United States, Russia, and Japan.
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