Answer:
The constant improvement of the microscopes have resulted in the revisions in the cell theory because with each improvement some new detail about the cell structure is revealed by the microscopes. These new improvements led to the change sin the cell theory
Explanation:
Answer:
A mutation is a change in a DNA sequence. Mutations can result from DNA copying mistakes made during cell division, exposure to ionizing radiation, exposure to chemicals called mutagens, or infection by viruses.
Explanation:
Answer:1. Pyruvate carboxylase
2. Phosphoenol pyruvate carboxy kinase
Explanation:
The conversion of pyruvate to phosphoenol pyruvate is catalyzed by two enzymes Pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenol pyruvate carboxy kinase
1. Pyruvate carboxylase reaction
Pyruvate in the cytoplasm enters the mitochondria. Then, carboxylase of pyruvate to oxaloacetate is catalysed by a mitochondrial enzyme, pyruvate carboxylase. It needs the co-enzymes biotin and ATP.
The oxaloacetate formed has to be transported from the mitochondrial to the cytosol because further reaction of gluconeogenesis are taking place in cytosol.
2. Phoaphoenol pyruvate carboxy kinase (PEPCK)
In the cytoplasm, PEPCK enzyme then converts oxaloacetate to phoaphoenol pyruvate by removing a molecule of CO2. GTP or ITP donates the phosphate group.
The net effect of these two reactions is the conversion of pyruvate to phoaphoenol pyruvate. This circumverts the irreversible step in glycolysis catalyzed by pyruvate kinase (step 9 if glycolysis)
Surface mining, which is also known as strip mining, is when soil and rock overlaying mineral deposit is removed. It can cause habitat destruction, air pollution from dust particles, soil erosion and pollution. Subsurface mining is removing deposits from the Earth by drilling underneath layers of rock and dirt. To keep the pathways clear, <span>mining companies have to pump out large amounts of water, which go into surface ecosystems. That disrupts the ecosystem by changing the pH conditions of soil and water sources. Placer mining is mining of stream bed deposits for minerals, a way of obtaining minerals and metal resources. Although, because it is small, causes less damage to the surrounding environment it still can disrupt river ecosystems with pollution and sediments.
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