The biotic factors can be defined as those living elements of an ecosystem that affects the other members of the ecosystem and also shapes it. The examples include animals and plants. The abiotic factors can be defined as those elements which are non-living and have effect on the other components of the ecosystem. The examples include water, air, soil etc.
A rabbit having long ears in order to disperse heat is adapting to the abiotic factor, i.e. the heat.
The spines of cactus are an adaptation to another abiotic factor, water.
The bright red color of the petunia is to attract the hummingbirds for pollination. They are adapting to the biotic factor (hummingbird).
The blending ability of stick-bugs to hide in the trees is an adaptation to the biotic factor (predators).
The diving ability of the moth is an adaptation to the biotic factor bat, in order to escape predation.
The adaptation of the lizard to sun itself on the rock in order to stay warm is in response to an abiotic factor (heat).
The sun energy reaches earth through radiation.
Note about the question:
Among the (observed-expected)² list, there is one value missing. This value corresponds to round yellow gray plants, and equals 0.002. <em>This number was included in the explanation of the problem. </em>
Answer:
The chi-square value is X² = 2.6813.
Explanation:
<u>Available information: </u>
Observed individuals numbers:
- Total number in the population: 639
- Round yellow gray 269
- round yellow-white 98
- round green, gray 86
- wrinkled yellow gray 88
- round green white 27
- wrinkled yellow white 34
- wrinkled green gray 30
- wrinkled green white 7
The expected numbers
- ratio 27:9:9:9:3:3:3:1
- round yellow gray 269.58
-
round yellow white 89.86
-
round green gray 89.86
-
wrinkled yellow gray 89.86
-
round green white 29.95
-
wrinkled yellow white 29.95
-
wrinkled green gray 29.95
-
wrinkled green white 9.98
The (observed-expected) ² numbers
- round yellow gray 0.002
- round yellow white 65.61
- round green gray 15.2
- wrinkled yellow gray 3.61
- round green white 8.41
- wrinkled yellow white 16.81
- wrinkled green gray 0.01
- wrinkled green white 9.00
To get the chi-square value, we just need to replace the terms in the following equation.
Chi square= ∑ ((O-E)²/E)
Where,
- ∑ is the sum of the terms
- O refers to the Observed number of individual
- E refers to the Expected numbers of individuals
X² = ∑ ((O-E)²/E)
X² = (0.002/269.58) + (65.61/89.86) + (15.2/89.86) + (3.61/89.86) + (8.41/29.95) + (16.81/29.95) + (0.01/29.95) + (9/9.98)
X² = 0.0000074 + 0.73 + 0.17 + 0.04 + 0.28 + 0.561 + 0.0003 + 0.9
X² = 2.6813
Hello! the answer is true. i hope this helped!
