Could be anything that can help represent the cell membrane visually
        
                    
             
        
        
        
Answer:
The answer is C basal area
 
        
                    
             
        
        
        
---- *Well, since there is really no specific ecosystem that was asked about in the question, I will just list some common and basic abiotic factors found throughout most ecosystems (maybe you can match this with the ecosystem you are talking about). 
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Abiotic factors: nonliving parts of an ecosystem
Some abiotic factors include: ROCKS, SOIL, AIR, SUN, WATER, ETC.
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
a) F1 offspring will be AaBbCc
b) for part b and a explanation see the picture attached 
 
        
             
        
        
        
The movement in phloem is bidirectional, whereas, in xylem cells, it is unidirectional (upward).