I think it’s the second one B
Conflict theory sees society as held together by coercion and focuses on its negative aspects.
Conflict theory, first developed by Karl Marx, is a theory that society is in a state of perpetual conflict, because of competition for limited resources.
- Conflict theory holds that social order is maintained by domination and power, rather than by consensus and conformity. According to conflict theory, those with wealth and power try to hold on to it by any means possible, chiefly by suppressing the poor and powerless.
A basic premise of conflict theory is that individuals and groups within society will work to try to maximize their own wealth and power.
- Marxist conflict theory sees society as divided along lines of economic class between the proletarian working class and the bourgeois ruling class.
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Depends on what the scenarios are
The two principles mentioned are actually interconected. The power in a state is divided in three brances: legislative, executive and judiciary. This is the separation of powers. Moreover, in order to ensure that each of the branches does not exceeds its functions, a system of checks and balances is implemented so that each branch supervises the others.
<u>Separation of powers:</u>
- The Judicial Branch interprets the law.
- The Executive Branch has the responsibility to carry out the law
- The Legislative Branch makes the laws
<u>Checks and balances:</u>
- Congress may impeach judges and the president
- The president can pardon persons convicted of a crime.
- The court has the power of judicial review (to declare laws unconstitutional).
- Congress can override a presidential veto by a 2/3rds vote in each house.
- The president appoints federal judges
It should be the expectations of the researchers themselves.
If the researchers wanted their results to be read by as many people as possible, they could put the setting into public.
If the researchers do the research for the benefit of a certain organization (such as a drug company), they have to put the setting into private.