Answer:
caliph - successor to Muhammad
Zionism - the movement to establish a Jewish state
Aliyah - immigrations of Jews to the holy land
diaspora - a group that is scattered outside it traditional homeland
Explanation:
After Muhammed died he was succeeded by Abu Bakr, the first of the caliphs. Because of internal conflicts, from 661 new Caliphate - Umayyad was established, although Abbasid Caliphate made even larger impact.
Jewish diaspora was created after the exile of Jews, from their homeland, most notably during the Babylonian captivity. They were scattered across the globe, but with the rise of Zionism movement in the second half of 19th Century, idea to return Jews to their homeland started spreading. Aliyah happened once more, as in the times of Abraham and Moses.
I would have to go with Europe.
In architecture, form refers to the shape or configuration of a building.
