All organisms arose from a single common ancestor.
An endosymbiont or endobiont is any organism that lives inside the frame or cells of some other organism most often, though no longer continually, in a mutualistic relationship.
Bacterial endosymbionts result in dramatic phenotypes in their arthropod hosts, including cytoplasmic incompatibility, feminization, parthenogenesis, male killing, parasitoid protection, and pathogen blocking.
Endosymbionts, such as Wolbachia, Rickettsia, and Cardinium, are a type of bacteria generally located in arthropod species inclusive of bugs, spiders, crustaceans, and mites, in addition to other invertebrates along with filarial nematodesEndosymbiosis is a form of symbiosis in which the symbiont lives in the body of its host and the symbiont in an endosymbiosis is known as an endosymbiont.
Learn more about endosymbiotic here;-brainly.com/question/1698852
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Variations, traits
Not all members of a species are the same. Every species exhibit variations. Traits, like eye color, are passed from parent to offspring.
Genetic variation is the subtle differences in the DNA sequence in each individual’s genomes. Genetic variation results in various forms or alleles of genes that determines distinct traits such as eye color, skin color, shape of face, and hair color that can be passed on from parents to offspring.
1.1
Meiosis I
The first meiotic division: diploid → haploid
Prophase I: Chromosomes condense, nuclear membrane dissolves, homologous chromosomes join and occurs crossing over.
Metaphase-I: the homologous chromosomes align in the middle of the cell. Spindle fibers from the centrosomes connect to the chromosomes.
Anaphase -I: Spindle fibers contract and split the homologous chromosomes, moving them to opposite poles of the cell.
Telophase -I: Chromosomes decondense; cell divides to form two haploid cells.
1.2 Meiosis II
The second division: separates sister chromatids (these chromatids may not be identical due to crossing over in prophase I)
Prophase II: Chromosomes condense, nuclear membrane dissolves, centrosomes move to opposite poles (perpendicular to before)
Metaphase-II: the chromosomes align in the middle of the cell. Spindle fibers from the centrosomes connect to the chromosomes (at the centromere)
Anaphase-II: Spindle fibers contract and split the sister chromatids, and moves them to opposite poles of the cell.
Telophase-II: Chromosomes decondense,cells divides again to form another 2 haploid daughter cells. Final: 4 new cells.
2. The differences:
Mitosis:
- has 1 division per cycle
- one cell produces 2 new cells
- the genetic information in the mother-cell and the daughter-cells are the same. ( the number of chromosomes is also the same)
- it occurs in somatic cells
Meiosis:
- two divisions per cycle
- one cell when divides produces 4 new cells
- the new cells have different genetic information. mixes the genetic material from the parent cells
- the number of chromosomes of the daughter cells is half of the mother's.
3. Prokaryotic organisms don't divide through mitosis, they use a different process called binary fission. Only eukaryotic organisms, or those whose cells have a defined nuclei, undergo mitosis. Bacteria, for example, are prokaryotic organisms that use binary fission.
4.
It can't occur. Cross over is the exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes. That will result in recombinant chromosomes during sexual reproduction. It can't occur on different chromosomes because they don't code for the same genes.
5. There are a lot of different theories about that, but it's mostly believed that meiosis must evolve before sexual reproduction. That's because The cell replicates their information first and then divides. Plus the cell does that even though it didn't recombine DNA with another organism (sexual reproduction).
Zebra,Blackbear,butterfly,pandabear
