President Nixon's policy of measured troop withdrawals from Vietnam was done under his policy of "Peace with Honor" which sought to say that the US was limiting its forces, not surrendering.
The Reagan Doctrine was Reagan's foreign policy during his presidency. The goal of this policy was to aid individuals all over the world in their fight against communism. Two examples of this include:
1) The United States giving aid to Cambodian citizens who were resisting the communist ruler of the country.
2) Reagan gave support to the Contras in their fight for freedom from a corrupt government in Nicaragua.
Gorbachev's policies of perestroika and glasnost allowed for less government control of the economy, more freedoms for the individual citizens, and the ability of the newspapers to print what they want about the government without fear of retribution. All three of these factors helped in ending the communist system in the Soviet Union, as the government significantly decreased their role in Russian society.
Colonies such as Massachusetts, Pennsylvania and Maryland were settled primarily by people seeking religious freedom. Pilgrim Separatists desired a break from the Church of England, and arrived in Massachusetts aboard the Mayflower in 1620. Later, a different religious sect, the Puritans, arrived in Massachusetts fleeing persecution in England. Unlike the Separatists, the Puritans did not want to break from the Church of England; they wanted to "purify" it. This was met with opposition -- including violence -- and by 1630 nearly 20,000 Puritans fled to Massachusetts. Colonies such as Maryland were founded as a refuge for other persecuted religious groups. English persecution -- like a ban on a Catholic priest officiating a marriage of two Catholics -- prompted many to come to Maryland. Lord Baltimore founded Maryland as a Catholic refuge in 1632.
In much the same way as Christianity, Islam too gave a belief of a promised better life once life was over. If you cannot pay a man, convince him pay will come once dead.
