I feel like there should be one more option, but if there is not, I would go with the second option:They believed Indians to be primitive people with superstitious beliefs and practices.
Depends on what you're talking about. In fetus development?
Answer: I do not know if this is a multiple choice question or not, but I would contend that through his numerous science works he broadly influenced modern science and sparked the interest, and even the fascination, of the public in the subject.
Explanation: American writer and university professor Isaac Asimov (1920-1992) wrote and edited hundreds of science-fiction and popular science books (and also books on many other topics) for the broad public, which made science and technology more accessible and understandable, and changed the way people thought about those disciplines. His view of robots was particularly influential: he humanized them and contributed to their depiction and their profusion in public culture.
Since you have it, why not take some points ;3
Opposition is most likely a word that could replace opprobrium in the sentence. Synonyms include words like disapproval and backlash.