<span>The alliances formed as the Ottoman Empire started to weaken is B, Britain and smaller countries within the Ottoman empire. Britain and Ottoman formed an alliance and fought together with France and Kingdom of Sardine against the Russians in the 1853 War of Crimea.</span>
Because they thought the articles would give the government too much power. I hope this helps.
it is asking to explain one way that scholarly disciples not recorded in history have contributed the perspectives explained by Diamond. (who im presuming is the author)