In a feeding experiment, ducks are given their choice of white or wheat bread. Which of these is a null hypothesis? Select one:
Ducks do not like white or wheat bread. Ducks have no preference for white or wheat bread. Ducks do not eat wheat bread when white bread is available. Ducks like white bread but not wheat bread. Ducks prefer white bread.
The null hypothesis is the statement of no change (default). It proposes no relationship between the variables of the phenomenon under investigation. This hypothesis is usually considered to be true until proven otherwise by the experiment. It is designated as H0 and, if proven wrong, the alternative hypothesis (HA), is adopted.
They also have a specialized non-lignified tissue (the phloem) to conduct products of photosynthesis. Vascular plants include the clubmosses, horsetails, ferns, gymnosperms (including conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants).
