The heterozygous male is Bb. The recessive female is bb. Offspring will either be Bb or bb like dad or mom. The punnett square is shown
Stress is typically associated with elevated levels of epinephrine and cortisol; some physiologists now define stress as any situation that raises cortisol levels.
<h3>What are glucocorticoids?</h3>
Glucocorticoids are part of the innate immune system's feedback loop, which diminishes certain facets of immune function, such as inflammation.
As a result, in medicine, they are used to treat diseases caused by an overactive immune system, such as allergies, asthma, autoimmune diseases, and sepsis.
Stress is typically associated with elevated epinephrine and cortisol levels; however, some physiologists now describes stress as any situation that raises cortisol levels.
Thus, the answer is cortisol and epinephrine.
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Answer:
Explanation:
Its D, species began having more beneficial adaptions to their environment causing them to live longer.
Eutrophication is the input of excessive nutrients into fresh surface waters. Nutrients can cause algal blooms. Some of these algae can be toxic, and algal death can also result in anoxic conditions, leading to fish deaths. Some indicators of eutrophic conditions can be high measures of important nutrients such as phosphates and nitrates. Another indication of eutrophication can be high concentrations of algal cells. Finally, low dissolved oxygen can indicate eutrophic conditions.
