<u>The first official Czar of Russia was </u><u>Ivan the Terrible</u>. Upon reaching adulthood, Ivan was crowned Czar of all Russia (1547). Before him, all rulers of Muscovy were Grand Princes. He was the first to appoint himself Czar "Caesar" (European tradition of "Emperor") whose power comes directly from God. Such a title gave Russia and its ruler significant weight in the eyes of European monarchs. Ivan the Terrible was recognized emperor by Queen Elizabeth I, Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II and others.
<em>Russian Ivan Grozny (also called </em><em><u>Ivan IV</u></em><em>) was ruthless. His reign saw the completion of the construction of a centrally administered Russian state and the creation of an empire that included non-Slav states.</em>
It has the " Me" that represents the expectations and attitudes of others. And the "I" which represents the person´s individuality as a major instrument of social control.
Napoleon invades Spain and forces King Ferdinand VII to abdicate. He places his brother, Joseph Bonaparte on the Spanish Throne. With no Spanish government on the throne - Colonies must look after themselves.
