I would say B, I'm not fully sure.
Pope Urban II calls the first crusade - this event was caused as Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made an appeal to Urban for assistance. Urban united Christian Europe to fight against the Turks to take back the Holy Land.
Urban degraded Muslims in speeches with exaggerating stories of anti-Christian acts, giving the united Christian Europe a common enemy and a promised reward.
The Christians were, however, initially beaten back due to inexperience and lack of discipline.
Hope this helps!
Access to food, water, shelter, and all basic human needs can hinder or help the growth of a civilization. Civilizations with similar environments or climates tend to develop on similar paths (because they run into the same problems/conveniences that have to be solved by human brains, which are wired to react to certain situations in certain ways.)
Sometimes they figure out how to build better shelters or learn better farming and hunting techniques for the environment they live in
