Answer:
For administrative and economic reasons, theBritish government tried settling the jhum or shifting cultivators. However, settled plough cultivation did not prove to be helpful to these jhum cultivators. They often suffered because their fields did not produce good yields.
Answer:
The answer to your question is C). Aliens.
The Commercial Revolution lead many feudal and local entities to be diminished or disappeared entirely, but some reinvented themselves to become absolutist monarchies and national states. This violent process contributed to the Wars of Religion.
This culminated in the Thirty Years War (1618–48), within the Holy Roman Empire between German Protestants and their allies (Sweden, Denmark, France) and the Holy Roman Emperor and his Habsburg allies. It began as a religious war, but ended as a struggle for national superiority.