It isn't certain, but since the strap was usually made of goat-skin, it could have been a symbol of fertility. By striking the women (often on the wrists) with it, it was said to ensure fertility, easy childbirth, and good health for them.
B. Royalty living in the "Old World"
Why?
Because Irish Immigrants, Native Americans, and African Americans were all mentioned as dreamers in "Let America be America Again" but Royalty living in the "Old World" was not mentioned to be a dreamer in the poem. Therefore, the answer is B. Royalty living in the "Old World".
The Tribal Assembly<span> or </span>Assembly of the People<span> (</span>comitia populi tributa<span>) of the </span>Roman Republic<span> was an assembly consisting of all Roman citizens convened by the tribes (tributim). During the </span>Roman Republic<span>, citizens were organized on the basis of 35 </span>tribes: four urban tribes of the citizens in the city of Rome, and 31 rural tribes of citizens outside the city. The tribes gathered in the Tribal Assembly to vote on legislative, judicial and electoral matters. Each tribe voted separately and one after the other. In each tribe, decisions were made by majority vote and its decision counted as one vote regardless of how many electors each tribe held. Once a majority of tribes voted in the same way on a given measure, the voting ended and the matter was decided.[1]<span> The president of the Tribal Assembly was usually either a "</span>consul" or a "praetor<span>"</span>
In the lines
“In the world’s broad field of battle,
In the bivouac of life,”
the poet suggests about human life with the images in these lines that:
Life is an eternal struggle.
The poem “A Psalm of Life” reflects that the soul cannot be defeated by the passage of time. It highlights the importance of the present. The poem tells about the continuous struggle which a person needs to undergo in a span of life.