<span>The first part of photosynthesis within the chloroplast occurs in the GRANA and the second in the STROMA of the chloroplast
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<u>Answer</u>: Option 3 Coevolution
<u>Explanation</u>:
<em>Coevolution</em> is a process in which two individuals reciprocally affect each other's evolution. In this process the interacting species exert selective pressures on each other thus, affecting their evolution. Due to this reciprocal adaption they become so close that the evolution of one species is affected by the other.
Answer:
winter
Explanation:
On this image, we can see the Earth being tilted away by 23.5 degrees from the Sun. This tilting puts the Northern Hemisphere in a situation where it is the one that is tilted away from the Sun, thus it will receive less sunlight, as well as less direct sunlight. That will cause lower temperatures on the Northern Hemisphere, thus the winter season will start, and it will last for around three months, at least at the mid-latitude zones. On the other side, the Southern Hemisphere is more exposed to the Sun during this tilting, so t receives more sunlight, and more direct sunlight, resulting in summer in this half of the planet.
The answer is b the protists
Answer:
Results
We systematically analyze and compare how different modelling methodologies can be used to describe translation. We define various statistically equivalent codon-based simulation algorithms and analyze the importance of the update rule in determining the steady state, an aspect often neglected. Then a novel probabilistic Boolean network (PBN) model is proposed for modelling translation, which enjoys an exact numerical solution. This solution matches those of numerical simulation from other methods and acts as a complementary tool to analytical approximations and simulations. The advantages and limitations of various codon-based models are compared, and illustrated by examples with real biological complexities such as slow codons, premature termination and feedback regulation. Our studies reveal that while different models gives broadly similiar trends in many cases, important differences also arise and can be clearly seen, in the dependence of the translation rate on different parameters. Furthermore, the update rule affects the steady state solution.
Conclusions
The codon-based models are based on different levels of abstraction. Our analysis suggests that a multiple model approach to understanding translation allows one to ascertain which aspects of the conclusions are robust with respect to the choice of modelling methodology, and when (and why) important differences may arise. This approach also allows for an optimal use of analysis tools, which is especially important when additional complexities or regulatory mechanisms are included. This approach can provide a robust platform for dissecting translation, and results in an improved predictive framework for applications in systems and synthetic biology.
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