The correct answer is UCS
Explanation: Unconditioned stimulus (UCS) is the one that unconditionally provokes a natural and automatic response. For example, when you smell one of your favorite foods, you may immediately feel very hungry and salivating. In this example, the smell of food is the unconditioned stimulus.
Unconditioned response (UCR) is the response that occurs naturally in reaction to the unconditioned stimulus. For example, if the smell of food is the unconditioned stimulus, the feeling of hunger in response to the smell of food is the unconditioned response.
The feeling of hunger in response to the smell is an unconditioned response, and a whistle sound is the conditioned stimulus.
The conditioned response (CR) is the learned response to the previously neutral stimulus.
Answer:
The Court ruled that the ban on affirmative action in the Michigan Constitution is Constitutional.
Explanation:
The Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action is a case of affirmation, race and sex discrimination in public university admission.
On the 22nd of April, 2014 the court held that fourteenth Amendment's equal protection Clause does not prevent states from enacting bans on affirmation in education.
According to Justice Scalia, '' Constitution [forbids] government discrimination on the basis of race, and state-provided education is no exception''. Justice Scalia believe that the people in Michigan followed the understanding of the clause as their fundamental law.
Other court associate Justice include; Clarence Thomas, Stephen Breyer, Samuel Alito, Sonia Sotomayor, Elena Kagan, Anthony Kennedy and Ruth Badder Ginsburg. The Chief Justice for the case then is John Roberts.
Answer:
<h3>c. mandate.</h3>
Explanation:
A mandate is a command or an order that necessitates an individual or an organization to act in a specific manner. A court may impose mandate to make certain obligations or activities necessary as part of a legal process on certain cases.
Here, judges ordering Massachusetts to change its way of recruiting firefighters, even though the state does not receive aid from the federal government for fire fighting is referred to as mandate. The court necessitates and makes the state follow certain obligations through the provision of mandate.
A. criminal law is by agencies while civil law is by congress
