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PolarNik [594]
3 years ago
10

The ant, the spider and the beetle are secondary consumers?

Biology
1 answer:
brilliants [131]3 years ago
3 0
Insects are very common not only in today's world but also in ancient days. It is also estimated that the population of insect are 10 times more than thehuman beings. It is little bloodcurdling to hear but it is the fact. They are found in all parts of the world even in the ocean. Insects are astonishing creatures it is quite interesting to learn about them. Insects are very advantageous to man and his environment.

Insects are small species that is characteristic as an air breathing animal with a hard jointed exoskeleton. The whole body of the insects is divided into three parts: The head, thorax, and the abdomen.

Insects are classified into different known species in the world but still some new species are being discovered. The known species can be classified into 32 orders with 125 different families and about 500,000 species. Among them the Beetles are the largest group. Insects act as the varied group in the animal world.

Many insects act as the primary consumers for other animals since they are herbivores. These insects are rich in protein and energy which they provide to the secondary consumers also known as carnivores. Spiders, wireworms etc, act as the secondary consumers which cannot survive without depending on the primary consumers. Both the primary and secondary act as the prey to the tertiary consumers.

Insects help with a lot of important functions in our ecosystem. Mainly they help in decomposition of the waste products and pollination. These two acts of the insects led a greener environment. Decomposition of dead and waste materials provides more nutrients to the soil thus helping the soil to regain its health. Bugs such as ants, beetles burrow the soil to provide channels for water and air ventilation to the soil. Bees help in pollution thus helping in plantation. Bugs help the gardeners by preventing the plants from aphids and caterpillars. So without insects the world would not have see a fast growth that the way it is today.

Insects are exceedingly a diverse type of animal. The structure of the insects varies greatly with the different types of species. But the basic anatomy of the insect is the same. All the insects have an external exoskeleton and the body is divided into three major segments: head, thorax, and abdomen

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4) A homozygous groucho fly ( gro, bristles clumped above the eyes) is crossed with a homozygous rough fly (ro, eye abnormality)
docker41 [41]

Answer and Explanation:

  • A homozygous groucho fly ( gro, bristles clumped above the eyes) is crossed with a homozygous rough fly (ro, eye abnormality).
  • The F1 females are testcrossed, producing these offspring: groucho 518 rough 471 groucho, rough 6 wild-type 5 1000 a) What is the linkage distance between the two genes? B) Plot the genes on a map c) If the genes were unlinked and the F1 females were mated with the F1 males, what would be the offspring in the F2 generation?

1st cross:

Parental) grogro ro+ro+ x  gro+gro+ roro

F1) gro+gro ro+ro

2nd cross:

Parental)  gro+gro ro+ro   x  grogro roro

Gametes) gro+ro+                       gro ro

                gro+ro                         gro ro

                gro ro+                        gro ro

                gro ro                          gro ro

Punnet square)  

                   gro+ro+             gro+ro              gro ro+            gro ro  

gro ro    gro+gro ro+ro   gro+gro roro    grogro ro+ro    grogro roro

gro ro    gro+gro ro+ro   gro+gro roro    grogro ro+ro    grogro roro

gro ro    gro+gro ro+ro   gro+gro roro    grogro ro+ro    grogro roro

gro ro    gro+gro ro+ro   gro+gro roro    grogro ro+ro    grogro roro

F2)

0.518 grogro ro+ro (518 individuals)

0.471 gro+gro roro (471 individuals)

0.006 grogro roro (6 individuals)

0.005 gro+gro ro+ro (5 individuals)

Total number of individuals 1000

<u><em>Note</em></u>: These frequencies were calculated dividing the number of individuals belonging to each genotype by the total number of individuals in the F2.

To know if two genes are linked, we must observe the progeny distribution. <em>If individuals, whos </em><em>genes assort independently,</em><em> are test crossed, they produce a progeny with equal </em><em>phenotypic frequencies 1:1:1:1</em>. <em>If</em> we observe a <em>different distribution</em>, that is that <em>phenotypes appear in different proportions</em>, we can assume that<em> genes are linked in the double heterozygote parent</em>.  

In the exposed example we might verify which are the recombinant gametes produced by the F1 di-hybrid, and we can recognize them by looking at the phenotypes with lower frequencies in the progeny.  

By performing this cross we know that the phenotypes with lower frequencies in the progeny are groucho, rough and wild-type. So the recombinant gametes are <em>gro+ro+</em> and <em>gro ro</em>, while the parental gametes are <em>gro+ro</em> and <em>gro ro+.</em>

So, the genotype, in linked gene format, of the double heterozygote individual in the <u>F1</u> is gro+ro/gro ro+.

To calculate the recombination frequency we will make use of the next formula: P = Recombinant number / Total of individuals. The genetic distance will result from multiplying that frequency by 100 and expressing it in map units (MU). One centiMorgan (cM) equals one map unit (MU).

The map unit is the distance between the pair of genes for which one of every 100 meiotic products results in a recombinant product.

The recombination frequency is:

P = Recombinant number / Total of individuals

P = 6 + 5 / 1000

P = 11 / 1000

P = 0.011

The <u>genetic distance between genes,</u> is 0.011 x 100= 1.1 MU.

<u>Genetic Linkage Map:</u>

Parental Phenotypes)  

-----gro+------ro----              -----gro------ro+----

----- gro ------ro----               ---- gro------ ro ----

Recombinant phenotypes)

-----gro+------ro+----              -----gro------ro----

----- gro ------ ro----                -----gro------ro----

<u>If the genes were unlinked</u> and the F1 females were mated with the F1 males, the offspring in the F2 generation would have been

4/16 = 1/4 gro+gro ro+ro  

4/16 = 1/4 gro+gro roro  

4/16 = 1/4 grogro ro+ro    

4/16 = 1/4 grogro roro

Their phenotypic frequencies would be 1:1:1:1 related.                                                  

7 0
3 years ago
Which are evidence of sea floor spreading ? check all that apply.
Thepotemich [5.8K]

The specific magnetism of basalt rock is determined by the Earth's magnetic field when the magma is cooling. Scientists determined that the same process formed the perfectly symmetrical stripes on both side of a mid-ocean ridge. ... Oceanic crust slowly moves away from mid-ocean ridges and sites of seafloor spreading.

5 0
3 years ago
In cabbage butterflies, White wings are dominant to yellow wings. Create a Punnett Square that shows the offspring that results
kari74 [83]

Answer:

In cabbage butterflies, White wings are dominant to yellow wings. Create a Punnett Square that shows the offspring that results if a Ww butterfly is crossed with a ww butterfly. Create a Punnett Square. What percentage of the offspring will have yellow wings? and What is the phenotypic ratio (color ratio)?

Ww x ww= Ww, Ww, ww, and ww

50% has yellow wings

The phenotypic ratio is two white wings butterflies and two yellow wing butterflies 2:2 50%:50%

Explanation:

6 0
3 years ago
It is a winter day in Florida, and the temperature is 40°F in the morning. While you are walking to class, your body uses a nega
zhannawk [14.2K]

Answer:

negative feedback

Explanation:

The negative feedback system is the most common in the body, being considered by many authors the primary mechanism for the maintenance of homeostasis. It causes a negative change from the initial change, that is, a stimulus contrary to the one that led to the imbalance. In the case of the above question, when the ambient temperature increased, your body began to sweat to lower the temperature, that is, your body is trying to make a stimulus contrary to what is happening in the environment, so we can state that your body is going through a negative feedback system.

5 0
3 years ago
What is not one of the six major kingdoms of life?
grandymaker [24]

Answer:

The answer would be D

insects

Explanation:

........

6 0
3 years ago
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