The cell wall is the protective, semi-permeable outer layer of a plant cell. A major function of the cell wall is to give the cell strength and structure, and to filter molecules that pass in and out of the cell. A cell is the smallest part of an organism that still contains that organism's elements.
Energy is required in the form of light. glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water
Answer:
These structures that protect the sponges from most predators, but not turtles, are spicules.
Explanation:
Sponges <em>skeleton</em> is composed of <em>calcium carbonate and siliceous</em> micro-structures called <u>spicules</u>. Their morphology is so varied that it is used in taxonomy for identification and classification.
There are different kinds of spicules:
- <em>Monoaxonic spicule</em>: needle-shaped, straights or curves
- <em>Tetraxonic spicules:</em> they have four prolongations
- <em>Triaxonic or Hexaxonic spicules</em>
- <em>Poliaxonic spicules </em>
Two terms can be applied to any of these spicules kinds:
- <em>Megaspicules</em>: They are elongated and compose the main architecture of the sponge skeleton
- <em>Microspicules</em>: Variable in shape and size, with ancillary functions
Sponges have few predators thank to the spicule structures and their high toxicity. Many of them are capable of perforating soft tissues and producing urticant substances.
Answer:
i love you:)
Explanation:
Solar energy has come a long way in a decade. Back in 2010, the global market was small and highly dependent on subsidy regimes in countries such as Germany and Italy. This year there will be more than 115 gigawatts (GW) of solar installed across the world, which is more than all other generation technologies put together. It is also increasingly low cost, especially in sunnier regions where it has already become the lowest-cost form of new electricity generation.
In the coming years, technology improvements will ensure that solar becomes even cheaper. It could well be that by 2030, solar will have become the most important source of energy for electricity production in a large part of the world. This will also have a positive impact on the environment and climate change.
Going forward the solar industry has very clear cost-reduction roadmaps, which should see solar costs halving by 2030. There is already a move in place towards higher-efficiency modules, which can generate 1.5 times more power than existing, similarly sized modules today using a technology called tandem silicon cells. These are going to have a large impact going forward.
In addition, there are production innovations coming down the pipeline that will reduce the amounts of costly materials such as silver and silicon used in the manufacture of solar cells, as well as innovations such as bifacial modules which allow panels to capture solar energy from both sides. The other important innovation is around how best to integrate solar into our homes, businesses and power systems. This means better power electronics and a greater use of low-cost digital technologies.
What this means is that solar will reach, in many parts of the world, a levelized cost of energy that will make it unbeatable compared to fossil fuels. Given that solar is so easy and quick to install, not to mention flexible - after all, solar can be used to power something as small as a watch or as large as a city - it should mean that solar installations continue to grow over the coming decade. This could also be very good for the climate. Now that is something bright to write about.
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Which of the following are allotropes of carbon?
a) Buckminster Fullerene
b) Graphene
c) Footballene
d) Steel
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The right answer is option a (Buckminster fullerene).
Fullerene is one of the crystalline allotrope of carbon, which was discovered in 1985 collectively by the scientists Richard E. Smalley, Robert F. Curl, Sean O' Brien, James Heath and Harold Kroto. The name 'buckminsterfullerene' was given to the fullerene molecule discovered as a homage to the American architect and scientist Buckminster Fuller.
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<h3>
MORE TO KNOW ABOUT FULLERENE:-</h3>
<u>Properties</u><u> </u><u>of </u><u>fullerenes</u><u>:</u>
- It is found in soot, interstellar dust and in carbon rich rocks.
- They are bad conductors of electricity.
- They are magnetic in nature.
- They are odourless.
- They can be soluble in solvents like chloroform, benzene or toluene.
<u>Uses </u><u>of </u><u>fullerenes:</u>
- They are used as lubricants.
- They are used as insulators.
- Some forms of fullerenes can conduct heat and electricity. So, they are used as superconductors and semiconductors.
- They are used in the process of drug delivery.
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