Answer:
Cervical cancer is the cancer of the cervix, which is a part of the reproductive system. Infection by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the common cause of cervical cancer.
Early stages of cervical cancer do not show any symptoms. As the disease progresses, the symptoms are more visible. Pains begin in the pelvic region during intercourse or at other times. There can be blood in vaginal discharge of menopausal women. Or, a vaginal discharge with foul odor are some common symptoms.
Though the exact role of HPV in cervical cancer is not clear, it is certain that HPV infection is one of the causes of cervical cancer. HPV infection is sexually transmitted. Usually, the body immune system helps prevent the virus from multiplying. However, at times, the virus evades the immune system and manages to survive. It alters the cell DNA and causes a mutation. This mutation leads to cervical cancer. Smoking, sexual intercourse at an early age, and multiple sexual partners are some of the risk factors.
Cervical cancer can be diagnosed at an early stage if one undergoes a Pap smear test regularly. Diagnostic tests like a punch biopsy and cone biopsy can help to ascertain the presence of cervical cancer.
Cervical cancer in its initial stages can be treated using radiation therapy. Some doctors advise having a hysterectomy, which involves complete removal of the uterus. If it has metastasized to other areas, then chemotherapy is advised.
Fortunately, vaccines are available to minimize the chances of developing cervical cancer. Being vaccinated against HPV decreases the chances of cervical cancer.
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