Interphase:
-the cell replicates its chromosomes
-each chromosome has two sister chromatids held together by a centromere
Prophase 1 chromosomes coil up and a spindle forms
-homologous chromosomes come together matched gene by gene forming a tetrad
-Crossing Over may occur when chromatids exchange genetic material
-this occurs two or three times per pair of homologous chromosomes
-Crossing Over results in new combinations of alleles on a chromosomes
Metaphase 1:
-the centromere of each chromosome becomes attached to a spindle fiber
-the spindle fibers pull the tetrads to the equator of the spindle
-homologous chromosomes are lined up side by side as tetrads
Anaphase 1:
-homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
-centromeres do not split
-this ensures that each new cell will receive only one chromosome from each homologous
pair
Telophase 1:
-the spindle breaks down and the chromosomes uncoil
-the cytoplasm divides to yield two new cells
-each cell has half the genetic information of the original cell because it has only one homologous
chromosome from each pair
Prophase II-
-a spindle forms in each of the two new cells and the fibers attach to the chromosomes
Metaphase II-
-the chromosomes are pulled to the center of the cell and line up randomly at the equator
Anaphase II-
-the centromere of each chromosome splits the sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles
Telophase II nuclei re form the spindles break down the cytoplasm divides identical to mitosis (Meiosis II)
What Meiosis produces four haploid sex cells from one original diploid cell each haploid cell contains one chromosome from each homologous pair haploid cells will become gametes transmitting genes to offspring
I hope this helps
Temperature inversion or thermal inversion is a phenomenon during which the temperature increase when there is an increase in the altitude. It is an uncommon process that happens in the troposphere-the layer of atmosphere closest to the earth.
When there is an increase in temperature with altitude that warm air acts as a blockage for the cool air near the surface of the earth. So this is just opposite to the normal behavior of the air, where it becomes cooler with an increase in altitude.
So how air circulation behaves during inversion?
So as we said that the cool air nearer to the earth will be blocked by a layer of warm air. This blockage will hinder the circulation of air upwards from the lower layers. Let’s see how:
• As we know that, warm air is less dense and more buyout than cool air and normally less dense warm air is close to the earth and cool air is in above layers. But when the process is reversed, this warm air acts like a blanket for the proper circulation of air. Due to this, many environmental pollutants which normally leave the earth during air circulation get trapped in our air.
• The trapped environmental pollutants like nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons get convert into harmful ozone that ultimately deteriorates the quality of air and causes problems like smog.
• The improper air circulation also causes suspension of the harmful gases near the earth instead of allowing them to leave the earth atmosphere. This ultimately causes air pollution.
• When smoke will not rise, carbon dioxide will be build up in the atmosphere; this will cause greenhouse effect and global warming.
Therefore, air circulation behaves very different during temperature inversion process and poses hazardous effects on global climate.
Hope it helps! :)
False , mitochondria create energy.
The answer is 3(x-2)(x+2)
Answer:
it depends on there amplitude
Explanation:
