Answer:
Background
During the course of a bacterial infection, the rapid identification of the causative agent(s) is necessary for the determination of effective treatment options. We have developed a method based on a modified broad-range PCR and an oligonucleotide microarray for the simultaneous detection and identification of 12 bacterial pathogens at the species level. The broad-range PCR primer mixture was designed using conserved regions of the bacterial topoisomerase genes gyrB and parE. The primer design allowed the use of a novel DNA amplification method, which produced labeled, single-stranded DNA suitable for microarray hybridization. The probes on the microarray were designed from the alignments of species- or genus-specific variable regions of the gyrB and parE genes flanked by the primers. We included mecA-specific primers and probes in the same assay to indicate the presence of methicillin resistance in the bacterial species. The feasibility of this assay in routine diagnostic testing was evaluated using 146 blood culture positive and 40 blood culture negative samples.
Explanation:
Results
Comparison of our results with those of a conventional culture-based method revealed a sensitivity of 96% (initial sensitivity of 82%) and specificity of 98%. Furthermore, only one cross-reaction was observed upon investigating 102 culture isolates from 70 untargeted bacteria. The total assay time was only three hours, including the time required for the DNA extraction, PCR and microarray steps in sequence.
Wind has no effect on a plants respiration rate True
Where sugars are formed are referred to as the sink True
Both the xylem and phloem do not use any plant energy to translocation materials True
The amount of humidity in the air will affect transpiration True
The rate of transpiration reduces as the relative humidity of the air around the plant increases. Compared to more saturated air, dryer air makes it simpler for water to evaporate. A plant's transpiration rate will rise when air movement around it increases.
<h3>What about plants respiration?</h3>
- Water vapor is lost via the process of transpiration through a plant's stomata.
- When it's very hot outside, the plant loses water vapor to cool down, and water from the stem and roots flows up or is "drawn" into the leaves.
- In addition, plant transpiration contributes significantly to the leaf's energy balance by providing evaporative cooling.
- Additionally, the movement of water and nutrients from the roots to the shoots is accelerated by transpiration.
- Plants use transpiration for a variety of purposes.
- The direct effects of transpiration include controlling the plant's temperature and supplying water for photosynthesis.
- Additionally, it facilitates the movement of glucose and nutrients through the plant's vascular tissues.
- Plants lose water through a process known as transpiration.
- A plant's roots can collect up to 99.5% of the water that the plant transpires, which is not used for growth or metabolism.
- For the surroundings to remain wet, transpiration is necessary.
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Throughout history, the United States invoked the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine to accomplish some imperialistic and interventionists goals in different Central American and South American countries.
We can set some examples here. For instance, that was the case of the US intervention in the Island of Cuba, in Nicaragua, Dominican Republic, Hati, and the US presence for so many years in the Panama Canal.
Let's have in mind that the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine was originally called for intervening in Latin American countries that could not pay their debt to European creditors.
The message the US wanted to convey to European superpowers that had interests in this region was that from now on, it was going to be the US business to intervene in the Americas. If Europe tried to intervene, it was going to be understood as direct aggression to the United States.
The rapid depolarization phase of the action potentials of myocardial contractile cells is due to Na⁺ ion.
The depolarization is caused when Na⁺ ions rapidly enters into neuron through open sodium channels. Sodium ions plays important role in various physiological process such as regulating blood volume, ph regulation, maintaining blood pressure, energy metabolism,osmotic equilibrium, excitation-contraction coupling, maintenance of cellular homeostasis, development and growth.
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