All of these are necessary
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
d. BB
Explanation: The only possible phenotype would be BB because if you draw a Punnett square you see that you get BB, BB, BB, and BB so that is the only posssible genotype.
 
        
             
        
        
        
It’s substrate is the answer to your question
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
Carcinogenic
Explanation:
A carcinogenic substance is able to modify or damage the genome in a way which promotes the formation of cancerous cells. Cell cycle checkpoint proteins are very crucial for the progression of normal cell cycle. They check for any anomaly in their designated step and halt the process if it is detected. Repair mechanism is activated and cell cycle does not progress till the damage has been repaired. 
Here, the pollutant alters the structure of these proteins such that they lose their function. They are not be able to stop cell cycle from progressing even if there is some damage in the genome. The cell divides and gives rise to more damaged cells. Eventually these cells lose their normal function and just keep dividing due to which their division rate becomes double of the normal rate. It can ultimately give rise to cancer which is why the chemical is carcinogenic.  
 
        
             
        
        
        
A HEV has an engine that uses electric power as well as gasoline to move. When using the electric motor, there are no CO2 emission from the car. So the overall emission should be lower on a HEV than on a purely gasoline car, since you can choose to only use electric power.