The right answer is 1/4.
Two carriers of the disease each have a chance in two to transmit their sick gene ie: 1/2 * 1/2 = 1/4
A genetic disease is said to be autosomal recessive when
The gene involved is carried by an autosome (non-sex chromosome, X or Y in XY system of sexual determination);
The associated phenotype of this trait is recessive (the presence of two identical alleles is essential for the character to be expressed).
One of the two alleles is transmitted by the male gamete, the other by the female gamete.
But being a carrier of the mutation does not necessarily mean being sick, the manifestations of a genetic disease depend on its penetrance and the variability of its expression.
(2) They stimulate uncontrolled cell division is your answer. This causes cancer, specifically for lungs, lung cancer.
Most important and abundant one are the phospholipids - amphiphatic molecules with an hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails. They compose the membrane bilayer. Also important are the membrane proteins, which can be periheric and internal and can serve as channels, receptors, pumps etc.
Depending on the cell type the membrane can also contain cholesterol (in animal cells, enhances the membrane stability) or hopanes(in prokaryotes, same function as cholesterol) or ether-phospholipids with branched hydroharbon tails(in archaea, make the membranes more stable and resistant to severe conditions, as archaeas are extremophiles)
Explanation:
1. A decrease in the number of greenhouse gases that humans produce will result in lowered global temperatures. This will allow the ice sheets in the polar regions to increase increasing also albedo.
2. Using light-colored building materials on houses and pavement in urban centers will work towards increasing albedo as more sunlight is refelcted back by built environments.
3. Decreased deforestation/increase in aforestation increases the earth’s sirface albedo because vegetation reflects back more sunlight than the earth’s bare surface.
