In general it was the "slum dwellers" and the "immigrants" who did not share in the prosperity of the late 1800s, since these people were paid very low wages and treated poorly.
Less democratic forms usually include economic means that are based on a command market system. Command markets are opposite of the free market systems and in a command system a government can choose what will be made and what sold and at what prices and this is usually useful for solving things like economic crises.
Answer: D) They had been provoked by the presence of troops.