Answer:
Cycads /ˈsaɪkædz/ are seed plants that typically have a stout and woody (ligneous) trunk with a crown of large, hard, stiff, evergreen and (usually) pinnate leaves. The species are dioecious, therefore the individual plants of a species are either male or female. Cycads vary in size from having trunks only a few centimeters to several meters tall. They typically grow very slowly[3] and live very long, with some specimens known to be as much as 1,000 years old.[citation needed] Because of their superficial resemblance, they are sometimes mistaken for palms or ferns, but they are not closely related to either group.
Cycads are gymnosperms (naked seeded), meaning their unfertilized seeds are open to the air to be directly fertilized by pollination, as contrasted with angiosperms, which have enclosed seeds with more complex fertilization arrangements. Cycads have very specialized pollinators, usually a specific species of beetle. Both male and female cycads bear cones (strobili), somewhat similar to conifer cones.
Cycads have been reported to fix nitrogen in association with various cyanobacteria living in the roots (the "coralloid" roots).[4] These photosynthetic bacteria produce a neurotoxin called BMAA that is found in the seeds of cycads. This neurotoxin may enter a human food chain as the cycad seeds may be eaten directly as a source of flour by humans or by wild or feral animals such as bats, and humans may eat these animals. It is hypothesized that this is a source of some neurological diseases in humans.[5][6]
Cycads all over the world are in decline, with four species on the brink of extinction and seven species having fewer than 100 plants left in the wild.[7] The plant has a very long fossil history, with evidence that they existed in greater abundance and in greater diversity before the Jurassic and late Triassic mass extinction events.
Explanation:
~Dr.Smiley~
(Jane)
The food flavor enhancer monosodium glutamate is believed by
some scientists to promote a unique taste sensation known as umami. Umami comes
from glutamate, which is in numerous food such as meat, fish, vegetables and
dairy products. Umami is commonly used as a flavor enhancer in several
cuisines.
pretty sure i'm wrong but my guess is that its D because it would make the most sense
A. The sequence of DNA bases of a gene changes when a gene undergoes <span>mutation
</span><span>
Hope this helps!</span>
Explanation:
The Function of the Shoot System
The shoot system works closely in part to the root system of the plant. The shoots are able to absorb nutrients via the plant's different roots. The water and other nutrients that are taken in are shuttled up through the plant's vascular system located in the shoot
