Dopamine is a chemical released by neurons to send signals to other nerve cells. the brain includes several distinct dopamine pathways, one of which plays a major role in reward motivated behavior.
smoking is a habit, in a habit there is the cue, routine, and reward. with smoking the cue can be different things, most commonly stress or anxiety. the routine how you react to those cues, the reward is the chemical 'triggers' that are pulled inside you're brain leaving you feeling calm, happy, or relieved, etc.
D. Evaluate
Explanation:
The team of ecologists failed to implement the evaluation stage of adaptive management approach as the didn't compare various possible methods that could be used for the managemenr process and evaluation refers to analysis of completed or ongoing activities related to the topic in consideration to determine the management effectiveness and efficiency. Since they forgot to evaluate the various possible methods, evaluation is the missed approach.
Answer:
Null hypothesis: male and female spiders organized in mating pairs don't differ significantly in respect to body length
Alternative hypothesis: male and female spiders organized in mating pairs exhibit significant differences in respect to body length
The application of one statistical test in order to obtain one p-value (probability value) may provide useful evidence to support the alternative hypothesis (or reject it).
The inference procedure uses the information collected from the sample in order to obtain one conclusion. Frequentism is a type of inference procedure that can be used to test a hypothetical test case, which is here represented by male and female spiders organized in mating pairs.
Answer:
C) II and III only
Explanation:
Option 1 is not an example of phenotypic plasticity because each person is born with their own blood type and this doesn't change based on their environment and behavior.
Option 2 is an example of phenotypic plasticity because a person's red blood cell counts can increase based on their environment, i.e. moving to Denver, CO from Death Valley, CA. The higher elevation and decreased oxygen causes your body to produce more red blood cells.
Option 3 is an example of phenotypic plasticity because one twin can be taller than another because of differing behaviors, environments, etc.
