Answer: Profit equation is 
Explanation:








Substituting the value of profit and units sold into this equation we can find out the value for b,



So, the profit equation is
Answer:
In the centralized organizations which mostly includes banks, army corporations, etc because in these organisation the policies are set by the top management and the lower level management have to follow their instructions. I remember when the japanese Cheif Executive was appointed as the CEO of Sony America the whole of the workers went to strike against him because his attitude was centralised oriented organization which he was used to in Japan and in America people love to work in decentralized organisation. So basically in centralised organisation, lower management are delivered less responsibilities regarding making decisions. They are only accountable for doing the job according to the top management.
Answer:

Explanation:
Given




Required
Determine the total amount
This can be calculated by using:

Substitute

So;

Convert percentage to decimal






<em>Since 1 dollar is equivalent to cents, then the above in cents is;</em>
<em />
<em />
<em />
<em />
<em />
<em> --- Approximated</em>
These undistributed profits are refereed to as <u>"RETAINED EARNINGS".</u>
Retained earnings are the benefits that an organization has earned to date, less any profits or different disseminations paid to financial specialists. This sum is balanced at whatever point there is a section to the bookkeeping records that impacts an income or cost account. An extensive held profit balance suggests a fiscally solid association.
The Retained earnings balance or gathered shortage balance is accounted for in the investors' value segment of an organization's asset report.