The three biggest problems were rain, disease, and transportation.
The rain, particularly during the wet season, would cause mud slides and make the ground very dangerous. Weeks of work were often wasted every time a mud slide filled in areas previously dug out. This was most evident in the Culebra Cut. The cut was an artificial valley, not too far from Panama City, that had to be dug two feet wide for every foot deep. It was considered one of the biggest engineering feats of the time. The cut was an early adopter of terracing for that reason.
Diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, cholera, and dengue fever were transmitted by mosquitos. While the French were building the canal, disease took a massive hit on the labor, killing thousands of able-bodied men. It was a long time before officials realized that standing water was attracting the mosquitoes. When the Americans took over the project, they made an enormous effort to remove all bodies of water from the cities. Hospital bed posts were submersed in water to prevent termites. People kept barrels for water outside their homes. All of that water had to be covered or removed. They were able to get the diseases under control, but it’d be a long time before cures and pesticide efforts were put in place. Panama still employs trucks that spray for mosquitoes regularly.
The third problem was the transportation of men, supplies, and the soil as it was being removed. The construction of a railway greatly helped by hauling millions of tons of men, equipment, and supplies, but more importantly hauled the hundreds of millions of cubic yards of material removed from the canal cuts.
I highly recommend reading the book The Path between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, by David McCullough. It is loaded with highly detailed information from the very beginning of the canal construction through the completion of the project 44 years later,
Hope this helps!
Answer:
Beaks determine the type of food birds eat.
Explanation:
The variety of beaks was observed by Charles Darwin on finches on the Galapagos Island, and he noticed that, even though they are essentially the same species, they differ on beak sizes.
The larger beak finches tended to live in areas with a plethora of fruits had larger beaks, while finches that ate primarily insects had shorter but longer beaks.
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Answer:
These are referred to as the adults who are intimately responsible for the care and rearing of children.
Explanation:
Proprietarianism is a term in which both the parents are responsible for the children's care and rearing. Both parents are responsible and children are the property of both the parents. One of the philosophers argues that children are the property of parents hence this is the ground of the parents for the rights. This is the parents' responsibility that they positively direct their children because they are who bring the children in the world. Parents are the source who biologically transmit their genetics to their children so they keep on the same thing further next generation.
Portrait of the Shawnee Military and the Political Leader Tecumseh are the <span>Indian leaders that joined together to try to stop settlers from taking their land.</span>
<span>Edie is a defensive listener. <span>This
concept refers to people who generally perceive negative messages in
conversations with others, this produces that they show themselves
defensively in their conversations.
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