Answer:
The answer is E.) Lithosphere, Asthenosphere.
Explanation:
Tectonic plates belong to the layer called Lithosphere. The tectonic plates float on the Asthenosphere which is below the Lithosphere and more fluid than the crust.
From the Earth's surface to the its center we can say that the inside of the Earth is divided into four layers which, starting from the top , are:
i) the crust
ii) the mantle, (Lithosphere, Asthenosphere , Mesosphere)
iii) the outer core
iv) the inner core.
The tectonic plates are part of the Lithosphere and are constantly moving even though the crust is fairly solid. This is because the inner layers
( Asthenosphere , Mesosphere) are much are fluid and are constantly moving which tends to move the tectonic plates. When the tectonic plates collide they do so with tremendous force which leads to earthquakes and sometimes tsunamis as well resulting in a loss of life and property.
<span>Antlion pits are often spatially aggregated even though there are potential negative effects associated with the aggregation (e.g., heightened competition and predation risk). This study investigated the possibility that a strategy leading to aggregation can be an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS). In particular, the strategy considered was ‘decreasing relocation tendency when there are neighbors’. An individual based model showed that the strategy can be the unique ESS when the spatial distribution of prey is not completely random and antlions can learn it from their past foraging experiences. A laboratory experiment was conducted to examine the effects of the presence of neighbors and foraging success on the relocation behavior of antlion larvae. Antlions reduced their relocation tendency with respect to these factors, consistent with the predicted ESS. The results suggest that pit aggregations are formed because antlions reduce their relocation tendency when neighbors exist, and this strategy is an ESS.</span>
Low concentration to high concentration and requires energy
