The era between 1450 and 1750 saw the appearance of several land-based empires who built their power on the use of gunpowder: the Ottomans and the Safavids in Southwest Asia , the Mughals in India , the Ming and Qing in China , and the new Russian Empire.
1.) Heat will flow from the tea into the air in the room.
Density is mass per volume 
With data: 
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Hope this helps.
A and d and e is what I came up with
H+ conc = antilog to negative pH
H+ conc of pH 3 = 1 x 10^-3 M
One unit pH change of the H+ concentration is by a factor of 10. Since pH 3 to pH 5 is 2 unit changes, pH 3 then has one hundred<span> times more H+ concentration than a pH of pH 5. </span>
