Answer:
The correct answer is : C .It will decrease ATP production because fewer protons will be able flow down through ATP synthase.
Explanation:
- Oxidative Phosphorylation is a process which involves two steps:
- Transport of electrons from the reduced compounds like NADH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen) and FADH₂ (Flavin adenine dinucleotide dihydrogen) through the electron transport complexes, located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, to oxygen for the generation of water molecules.
- Synthesis of ATP or adenosine triphosphate from ADP or adenosine diphosphate and inorganic phosphate by an enzyme called ATP synthase which is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This enzyme harnesses energy by carrying protons from the inter-membrane space into the mitochondrial matrix and in the process produces ATP.
- Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in the mitochondria, especially involving the inter membrane space, inner membrane and mitochondrial matrix
- During the transport of electrons through the protein complexes (I, II, III, IV) of the electron transport chain a proton gradient is generated across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
- The proton gradient is such that the concentration of protons is more in the inter-membrane space and less in the matrix of the mitochondria.
- This proton gradient provides the energy to the ATP synthase for the synthesis of ATP.
- Dinitrophenol is responsible for making the inner mitochondrial membrane permeable to protons. As a result protons can directly diffuse through the inner mitochondrial membrane from the inter-membrane space into the mitochondrial matrix equalising the concentration of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This causes distortion in the proton gradient. Hence, protons are no longer available for the ATP synthase to operate and synthesise ATP.
Answer:
0.45 from mom and 0.05 from dad.
Explanation:
The recombinant progeny might occur due to the crossing over at the time of meiosis in which the exchange of chromosomes occur in the homologous chromosomes of non sister chromatids.
The progeny receives half of their chromosome from the mother and half from the father. The mother 50% AZ and 50% az chromosomes respectively. The 10% recombination has occured due to which the mother chromosomes is reduce upto 45%. The recombinant 10% will be aZ and Az and has 5% frequency. Mom has the ability of az chromosomes is 0.45 %. The father has the genotype 50% Az and 50% aZ. The 10% recombination has occured due to which the father chromosomes is reduce upto 45%. The recombinant will be az and AZ with 5% frequency. So, father has az with 0.05 % probability.
Thus, the answer is 0.45 from mom and 0.05 from dad.
Answer:
Vesicles.
Explanation:
Transport vesicles are able to move molecules between locations inside the cell. For example, transport vesicles move proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus.
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