1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
seropon [69]
3 years ago
7

Epinephrine initiates a signal transduction pathways that produces cyclic AMP (cAMP) and leads to the breakdown of glycogen to g

lucose, a major source of energy for cells. Glycogen breakdown is only part of the flight-or-fight response that epinephrine brings about because the overall effect on the body includes an increase in heart rate and alertness, as well as a burst of energy. Given that caffeine blocks the activity of cAMP phosphodiesterase, this suggests that caffeine blocks the epinephrine pathway that was just described.
Propose a mechanism by which caffeine ingestion leads to heightened alertness and sleeplessness.
Biology
1 answer:
vladimir1956 [14]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

The ability of caffeine to inhibit adenosine receptors, plays a very important role in heightened alertness and sleeplessness.

Explanation:

"<em><u>Caffeine</u></em>" (<em>1,3,7-trimethylxanthine</em>) is an alkaloid obtained from plants. It has a chemical formula of C8H10N4O2.

Caffeine is generally <em>hydrophillic</em> but sufficiently <em>lipophilic</em> to pass through all biological membranes and readily cross the blood-brain barrier.

Therefore can bind with the adenosine receptors. Due to the blocking of adenosine inhibitory effects through its receptors held by paraxanthine and caffeine, it indirectly affects the release of <u>norepinephrine, dopamine, acetylcholine, serotonin, glutamate</u> e.t.c.

The release of the above-mentioned hormones have a great impact on the heightened alertness of the body, especially <em>dopamine</em> and <em>serotonin</em>.

You might be interested in
1. What are key markers for the identification of Bacteria?
Sindrei [870]
The answer is <span>Special RNA polymerase, peptidoglycan in cell walls, ester-linked fatty acids. 

Bacterial cell wall consists of peptidoglycans, not of cellulose or chitin. They also have ester-linked fatty acids, like eukaryotes. Ether-linked fatty acids are characteristics of Archaea. Also, bacteria have special RNA polymerase, unlike Eukaryotes that have three different type of RNA polymerase.</span>
5 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
A scientist plans to find out if dams harm a river ecosystem. He interviews 500 enviormentalists and 450 of them believe dams ar
Triss [41]

The answer is: the source of information could be biased

The scientist is interviewing environmentalists and then generalized their opinion as "people". An environmentalist is a person that cares about the environment, so they will more likely to deny the option that harms the environment. If the dam harmful to the environment, most environmentalists will not approve it.



3 0
3 years ago
Which is a goal of the Human Genome Project?
Delicious77 [7]

The right option is; to identify the 3 billion genes that comprise the human genome

The Genome Project (HGP) is the world’s largest international scientific research project that has the goal of mapping the nucleotides (more than 3 billion), that makes up the whole human genome, and recognizing the structure and functions of the entire genes. Several organizations that contributed to the project include; National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) of Health, international partners in France, United Kingdom, the U.S. Department of Energy, and many universities and laboratories in the United States.

6 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Which group of elements is provided by air and water?
SpyIntel [72]

Answer:

cloud

Explanation:

mark me brainelest

5 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
How would a gummy bear placed in salt water be different from a gummy bear placed in regular water?
serious [3.7K]
The regular water gummy bear would be larger
4 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Other questions:
  • Do all substances have melting points ? why or why not ? give two examples from the text
    15·1 answer
  • What organelle makes a plant cell rigid when full, allowing it to stand up straight?
    9·1 answer
  • Types of Predators
    6·1 answer
  • Is cellular respiration an endothermic or exothermic reaction
    7·1 answer
  • Which diagram accurately represents the relationship between chromosomes, DNA, and genes?
    12·1 answer
  • Which phrase best describes a savana biome
    6·2 answers
  • In one year, 35 giraffes are born to a population. What does this number represent?
    15·1 answer
  • TRUE OR FALSE. Answer them all please, don’t answer if you don’t know or i’ll report you for wasting points
    12·1 answer
  • Which statement is true regarding nuclear power plants
    9·1 answer
  • Experimental vs control group:
    7·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!