Answer:
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There is 50% probability that their daughter's son will have the disease, because daughter chromosomes are XX , and the X from father will have x- linked disease, now in next generation the son will have XY chromosomes, Y is from father and X will from mother, now mother have two "XX", out of these two one carry x- linked disease, that means 50 percent chances of having disease in son.
Carbon dioxide and water are released as by-products. (A)
For you to understand the process we can say that the weak will die. If the animal or organism can't get food or find any it is naturally "selected" to die.So a Cuticle could have evolved like that. Hope tgis is useful
