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yaroslaw [1]
3 years ago
7

20. What condition is required for ATP synthase to move hydrogen down its gradient? A. More ATP molecules ahead of the hydrogen

than below it B. More hydrogen ions outside the membrane than inside it C. More hydrogen ions inside the membrane than outside it D. A day with 75 percent direct sunlight
Biology
2 answers:
Aleksandr-060686 [28]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

B

Explanation:

This H+ ion gradient is referred to as a proton motive force. It is  created using energy from the Krebs cycle in the matrix of the mitochondria. As electrons are passed from one protein complex to another, reducing molecules such as NADH and FADH2, the protons are pumped to the intermembrane space of the mitochondria. ATP synthase uses this potential to generate ATP as the H+ ions move downgradient (back to the matrix) through channels in the protein enzyme.  

Sedbober [7]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

C. More hydrogen ions inside the membrane than outside it

Explanation:

I just took the test and C is 100% right

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Korvikt [17]
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6 0
2 years ago
Hey y'all I need help with this bio question: what are the pros and cons of different skin tones in different parts of the world
d1i1m1o1n [39]
Oh this one is so cool!

It basically all boils down to Vitamin D! We need this essential vitamin to help our body build hormones and regulate calcium. Our bodies make Vitamin D when we are exposed to the UV rays found in sunlight. But as we all know, too much sunlight isn’t good because these UV rays can harm us. Melanin (the chemical that our bodies produce to darken skin tone and hair color) provides protection from UV rays by absorbing them. However, this means that the more melanin that is produced by someone’s body results in less absorption of UV rays and a decrease in Vitamin D production. But for someone living around the equator or in the tropics that doesn’t matter because there’s lots of sun all the time. So for humans living in these areas where there’s lots of sunlight year round, it’s beneficial to have darker skin to protect from the harm of UV rays. People living in these areas still get plenty of Vitamin D though because of that year round sunshine.

Now what about those who’s skin has less melanin, such as those found in the higher latitudes? Well with less sunlight year round, their bodies had to adapt to be able to get enough Vitamin D. So less melanin is produced by the body in order to absorb the lesser amounts of UV rays to make Vitamin D. Lighter skin is, therefore, more beneficial the farther away you go from the tropics.

So essentially:
Pro of Darker Skin tones
-Protection from harmful UV rays

Con of Darker Skin tones
-Less absorption of UV rays and less production of Vitamin D

Pro of Lighter Skin tones
-Greater absorption of UV rays and more Vitamin D production

Con of Lighter Skin tones
-Less protection from harmful UV rays (resulting in sunburns and, in extreme cases, skin cancer)

This is of course the biology answer. The social impacts of different skin tones is a whole different story that you can ask in the history section.
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2 years ago
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The correct answer is D.
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