3 cm on the map represents 31.5 km in reality.
3cm : 31.5 km
1cm : 31.5/3 km
1cm : 10.5km
So the scale on the map is 1cm represents 10.5 km.
<h3>
Answer: 8</h3>
Reason:
Replace p with 2 and evaluate.

Think of a cube that is 2 units along each side. It's volume is 2*2*2 = 8 cubic units. Repeated multiplication can be shortened to using exponents.
Another example: 