The 13th amendment, which formally abolished slavery in the United States, passed the Senate on April 8, 1864, and the House on January 31, 1865. On February 1, 1865, President Abraham Lincoln approved the Joint Resolution of Congress submitting the proposed amendment to the state legislatures.
Nobles in Egyptian society were related to the pharaoh, priests, scribes, doctors, lawyers, or important military personnel. Many of the nobles were overseers of the lands worked by peasants. Taxes from these lands were paid to the government in the form of crops or cattle. These crops in turn were used to pay skilled workers and peasants for their labor on governmental project. Ancient Egyptian temples and shrines were very sacred places. Only special people were allowed into the temples: the priests, priestesses and pharaohs. The Pharaoh was revered as the head of the priesthood. Second only to the Pharaoh was the High Priest who carried out the Pharaoh’s religious duties. Priests were rich and powerful, and were ranked with the officers of the state. Priests had many special privileges. They were called by special names, wore special clothing and were allowed to "see" the gods. In ancient Egypt, most priests married and had families.
Tocqueville's concern with Individualism in America was that he believed if there was too much, it could take the focus away from supporting the common good.
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As a peninsula, the people of Greece took advantage of living by the sea. The mountains in Greece did not have fertile soil good for growing crops, like in Mesopotamia, but the mild climate allowed for some farming. The Greeks, like many other ancient civilizations, felt deeply connected to the land they lived on.
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