The key behavioral effect of punishment by contingent
removal of a stimulus is the intensity of the behaviors being produced in
which is a target of the punishment and or the decrease duration or frequency
of these behaviors that are produced.
Presidents have the power to change the direction of the Supreme Court and the federal judiciary by "appointing new judges, when there are vacancies, who in principle have philosophies consistent with the president."
<h3>Powers of president:</h3>
In accordance with the Constitution, the president has the authority to
- issue pardons and reprieves,
- command the armed forces,
- request the written advice of their Cabinet,
- convene or adjourn Congress, and
- welcome diplomats
Also, the president picks the leaders of all government agencies, including the Cabinet, in order to carry out and enforce the laws passed by Congress.
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The correct answer is letter D
She has satisfied the requirement of choosing the patients for each group at random, and therefore eliminating bias in her choice.