Question

Economic growth, peaks, economic downturns, and troughs are part of the _____. net exports economic cycle intermediate goods

Answer 1

Economic growth, peaks, economic downturns, and troughs are part of the economic cycle.
The economic cycle is the expansion or growth  and contraction or recession
of the economy. This is a natural fluctuation of economy. There are factors that determine the current economic cycle of a country. This includes: GDP, interest rates, levels of employment and consumer spending.

Answer 2

The best answer here is: economic cycle.

The economic cycle is the change of the economic activity, both a positive and a negative change (the positive is the growth and the negative is the downturn) as measured by the country's GDP.

It has another name:  a business cycle.