1. The binding of an inhibitor can stop a substrate from entering the enzyme's active site and/or hinder the enzyme from catalyzing its reaction. Inhibitor binding is either reversible or irreversible. Irreversible inhibitors usually react with the enzyme and change it chemically (e.g. via covalent bond formation).
2. Carbon has four valence electrons, so it can achieve a full outer energy level by forming four covalent bonds.
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Answer:
The Mendelian principles of inheritance ARE APPLIED IN HUMANS. Both plants and animalls posseses two alleles (forms) of each gene, and are inherited in Mendelian ways. Some genetic diseases are Mendelian diseases and are inherited according to Mendel laws, those are the diseases caused BY A SINGLE GENE. However, there are multigenic diseases (that involves more than one gene), multifactorial diseases (which involves several genes and environmental factors), and chromosomic diseases (like 21 trisomy) and all of these does not follow the Mendel laws.
Explanation:
In the lac operon, glucose also plays an important role along with lactose. When Lactose is present in the environment along with glucose then it cannot deactivate the regulator gene [repressor], as a result, the repressor will bind to the operator and the transcription will be blocked.
When Lactose is present in the environment without glucose then the Catabolite repressor protein will bind to the CAP Site, and lactose will bind to the repressor [regulatory gene product], as a result, the repressor gets deactivated and the transcription takes place.
Lac operon: It is a set of three structural genes z, y, and a which are all transcribed and regulated under one single promoter. The three genes code for β-galactosidase, lactose permease, and transacetylase respectively.
β-galactosidase is responsible for breaking the lactose into glucose and galactose, lactose permease is responsible for transporting lactose across the cell membrane and transacetylase attaches a particular chemical group to target molecules.
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