The Human Genome Project was aimed at finding out an accurate and complete sequence of the human genome that comprises around 3 billion base pairs in the DNA.
Further Explanation:
A scientific research project based internationally was Human Genome Project (HGP) whose goal was to determine the genetic makeup or base pair sequence of the human DNA. It also aimed at mapping and identifying all the genes belonging to the human genome based on their functional and physical viewpoint. It is the world’s largest biological project that has been collaborated so far. In the year 1984, the US government initially planned the project which was launched later in 1990 and completed in 2001. The project was funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the US government and several other groups from all over the world.
The aim of the HGP was to identify and make the correct map of the nucleotides that are present in the haploid reference genome of a human which in turn contains more than 3 billion base pairs. Every individual has a unique set of nucleotide which represents his/her genome. The mapping process includes the sequencing of the individuals in small numbers which is followed by gathering the information in order to find out the complete sequence for every single chromosome. Therefore, the end result would be a mosaic of the human genome which does not represent just one individual.
The project could not estimate all the sequences of the DNA present in the human cells. It was only able to sequence the genome with euchromatic regions that make up around 92.1% of the genome. The heterochromatic regions were not sequenced under this project which was present in the telomeres and centromeres.
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Answer Details:
Grade: Secondary School
Chapter: Human Genome Project
Subject: Biology
Keywords:
Human Genome Project, genome, DNA, nucleotides, base pairs, haploid reference genome, chromosomes, euchromatic region, heterochromatic region, centromeres, telomeres.
