The first mathematical theory of tides was introduced by Galileo.
Edward Forbes believed that the abundance and variety of marine life decreased with increasing depth and, by extrapolation of his own measurements, Forbes calculated that marine life would cease to exist below 300 fathoms (1,800 ft; 550 m).
Sir William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) created the first tide-prediction machine.
The "Big Three" countries were the United States, Great Britain and Russia. They were called this because they were by far the most important allied players during the war, with Russia and Britain taking on most of the casualties.
