Answer:
Each mutant would be mated to wild type and to every other mutant to create diploid strains. The diploids would be assayed for growth at permissive and restrictive temperature. Diploids formed by mating a mutant to a wild type that can grow at restrictive temperatures identify the mutation as recessive. Only recessive mutations can be studied using complementation analysis. Diploids formed by mating two recessive mutants identify mutations in the same gene if the diploid cannot grow at restrictive temperature (non-complementation), and they identify mutations in different genes if the diploids can grow at restrictive temperature (complementation).
Explanation:
Recessive mutations are those whose phenotypic effects are only visible in homo-zygous individuals. Moreover, a complementation test is a genetic technique used to determine if two different mutations associated with a phenotype colocalize in the same <em>locus</em> (i.e., they are alleles of the same gene) or affect two different <em>loci</em>. In diploid (2n) organisms, this test is performed by crossing two homo-zygous recessive mutants and then observing whether offspring have the wild-type phenotype. When two different recessive mutations localize in different <em>loci</em>, they can be considered as 'complementary' since the heterozygote condition may rescue the function lost in homo-zygous recessive mutants. In consequence, when two recessive mutations are combined in the same genetic background (i.e., in the same individual) and they produce the same phenotype, it is possible to determine that both mutations are alleles of the same gene/<em>locus</em>.
Answer: Antibiotics targets the synthesis of protein, nucleic acid, folate and cell wall.
1. Synthesis of protein; antibiotics binds to either 30s or 50s ribosomal subunits blocking the polypeptide from the exiting the tunnel thus inhibiting a full completion of protein expression or production.
2. Nucleic acid synthesis; Antibiotics also act by inhibiting genetic expression, DNA transcription and replication where DNA makes exact copies of itself, as well as RNA molecules preventing bacterial growth.
3. Cell wall synthesis; Inhibition of cell wall synthesis in microorganisms will prevent it from replication and growth.
4. Folate synthesis; Folic acid also known as vitamin B9 helps in DNA replication and cell division. Folate antagonists such as aminopterin kills bacteria by preventing folic acid production required for DNA replication.
Answer:
phylogenetic
Explanation:
The phylogenetic tree shows the relationship of evolution between organisms.
Specialized structures for reproduction: One example is a fruiting body. Just like a fruit is involved in the reproduction of a fruiting plant, a fruiting body is involved in the reproduction of a fungus. A mushroom is a fruiting body, which is the part of the fungus that produces spores (Figure below
