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Explanation:
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Small proteins released from tissue cells infected with viruses, as well as from activated lymphocytes and macrophages, are called Interferons
<h3>What are Interferons ?</h3>
A collection of signalling proteins known as interferons are produced and released by host cells in response to the presence of certain viruses. Typically, a virus-infected cell will release interferons, boosting the antiviral defences of neighbouring cells.
- They are released by infected cells, where they trigger the innate immune system's production of cytokines as well as natural killer cell activity and antigen presentation.
- By establishing cytokine barriers, interferons shield uninfected cells from subsequent viral infections. Additionally, they prevent cellular division and control the organism's immune response.
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Answer:
<em> e) Ala</em>
Explanation:
Alpha helix is a secondary structure of proteins, it is made of 3.6 aminoacids residues per turn, this structure is possible thanks to local hydrogen bonding between C=O and N-h groups. The result is a cylindrical structure with a hydrogen-bonded backbone and the outside studded with side chains.
Glycin has an -H in its side chain, this makes it a too flexible molecule, therefore it's unusual to find them in alpha-helical structures because their presence could cause the helix to deform. Large R-groups can also affect this stability, phenylalanine has a bulky aromatic side group, this discards it as a stabilizer. Serine has a hydrogen bond donor or acceptor as a side chain, due to the proximity to the main chain it competes with the main chain to form NH and CO bonds. Alanine is the most common amino acid in alpha-helix structures because it has a short and no charged R group (unlike arginine that even when it's short it has a charged R-group), this makes it flexible enough to keep the structure stabilized.
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Answer:
The biggest difference, however, is that the line in the logistic growth graph changes direction and begins to level off as it nears the carrying capacity. That means that the main difference between exponential and logistic growth is that logistic growth takes into account carrying capacity.
Answer:
natural gas is the largest source of energy in US .
